Presenting a Sociological Model of the Role of Marginalization in the Situation of Working Children in Critical Areas of Karaj
Keywords:
Marginalization, Working Children, Sociological Model, Structural–Functional Disorder, Karaj CityAbstract
This study aims to develop a sociological model explaining the role of marginalization in shaping the situation of working children in critical districts of Karaj. This applied quantitative study employed a survey design. The statistical population consisted of marginalized residents of Kamalshahr, Sohrabiya, Hesar, and Islamabad districts of Karaj. The sample size was determined as 384 using Cochran’s formula, and 450 questionnaires were distributed to enhance accuracy. Research instruments included a standard marginalization questionnaire and a researcher-developed working children questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Path analysis demonstrated a significant direct effect of marginalization on working children. Economic, social, cultural, political, and demographic structural–functional disorders significantly predicted marginalization. Economic and social disorders exerted the strongest effects, whereas political disorder showed the weakest. Model fit indices confirmed satisfactory alignment between empirical data and the proposed conceptual model. Marginalization constitutes a central mechanism in the persistence of child labor, indicating the necessity of integrated socioeconomic and structural reforms in marginalized areas of Karaj.
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