اثربخشی توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز بر جهتگیری آینده و نگرش کارآفرینی دانشآموزان پایه نهم
کلمات کلیدی:
الگوی یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز, جهت گیری آینده, نگرش کارآفرینیچکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی برنامه توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز بر جهتگیری آینده و نگرش کارآفرینی دانشآموزان پایه نهم انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع نیمهآزمایشی با طرح پیشآزمون، پسآزمون و پیگیری دوماهه همراه با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانشآموزان پسر پایه نهم منطقه ۷ شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۴-۱۴۰۳ بود. تعداد ۳۰ دانشآموز به روش نمونهگیری هدفمند انتخاب و بهصورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه ۱۵ نفر) جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش طی شش جلسه ۹۰ دقیقهای در برنامه توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر نظریه یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز شرکت کرد، در حالی که گروه کنترل هیچ مداخلهای دریافت نکرد. دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه جهتگیری آینده اشتاینبرگ و همکاران و پرسشنامه نگرش کارآفرینانه رابینسون و همکاران گردآوری و با تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی تحلیل شدند. نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر نشان داد اثر گروه، زمان و تعامل زمان×گروه بر جهتگیری آینده و نگرش کارآفرینانه و تمامی مؤلفههای آنها معنادار بود (01/0>P). همچنین نتایج آزمون بونفرونی نشان داد میانگین نمرات گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه کنترل در متغیر جهتگیری آینده (40/6=MD، 01/0>P) و نگرش کارآفرینانه (95/34=MD، 01/0>P) بهطور معناداری افزایش یافته است. این تغییرات در مرحله پیگیری نیز پایدار باقی ماند. توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی یادگیری اجتماعی کرامبولتز میتواند بهطور مؤثری موجب ارتقای جهتگیری آینده و نگرش کارآفرینانه دانشآموزان شود. استفاده از این رویکرد در برنامههای هدایت تحصیلی و شغلی مدارس میتواند زمینه رشد خودکارآمدی، برنامهریزی آینده و آمادگی کارآفرینانه نوجوانان را فراهم سازد.
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